The Journey of Pediatric Surgery

By Shreenika Speciality Clinic

Pediatric surgery is one of the most precise and compassionate branches of modern medicine — and at Shreenika Speciality Clinic, it is our sole focus. Understanding its history helps us appreciate how far we’ve come, and why specialized care for children matters so deeply.

The idea of operating on children is not new. Ancient civilizations — including India, Greece, and Egypt — documented surgical procedures such as hernia repair and cleft lip correction, often performed on young patients. In India, the Sushruta Samhita described such interventions centuries ago. But without anesthesia, antiseptics, or an understanding of children’s unique physiology, these early attempts were extremely limited.

For hundreds of years, especially through the Middle Ages, progress was slow. Childhood illnesses and congenital conditions were often considered untreatable. Surgery was risky, survival rates were poor, and the delicate needs of children were rarely recognized.

It was only in the 19th century, with the advent of ether anesthesia and Joseph Lister’s antiseptic techniques, that surgery became significantly safer. Yet even then, children were still treated as “small adults” in operating rooms — their distinct anatomy and metabolism were overlooked, and outcomes often suffered.

The true transformation began in the early 20th century. Pioneers like Dr. William E. Ladd, known as the father of modern pediatric surgery, proved that children needed a dedicated surgical approach. His work in treating congenital malformations and training future specialists laid the foundation for pediatric surgery as a recognized, structured discipline.

Globally, the specialty grew rapidly after the World Wars, with the creation of pediatric surgical units designed not only for treatment but also for the emotional well-being of children and their families. In India, this momentum took root in the 1960s, led by visionaries like Dr. M. S. Ramakrishnan, who helped establish the Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons (IAPS) in 1965. Institutions such as AIIMS, CMC Vellore, and Niloufer Hospital became centers of excellence, shaping generations of specialists.

Today, pediatric surgery is more advanced than ever. From performing delicate neonatal operations within hours of birth to minimally invasive procedures in toddlers, surgeons work with high-definition imaging, miniature instruments, and even robotic assistance — often on newborns weighing less than two kilograms. What was once unthinkable is now routine in specialized centers, and survival rates have improved dramatically.

At Shreenika Speciality Clinic, we carry this legacy forward every day. Our mission is to combine this rich history with cutting-edge techniques and a family-centered approach — so every child not only receives expert surgical care, but also compassion, comfort, and hope for the future.

Pediatric surgery is not just about performing operations. It’s about safeguarding a child’s tomorrow — and that’s a responsibility we are honored to uphold.

What Is Pediatric Surgery and When Does a Child Need It?

When parents hear the word “surgery” in connection with their child, it’s natural to feel anxious and full of questions. At Shreenika Speciality Clinic, we believe that understanding pediatric surgery—what it is, when it’s needed, and how it’s done—can make the journey far less overwhelming.

Pediatric surgery is a highly specialized branch of surgery dedicated exclusively to newborns, infants, children, and adolescents. It’s not simply “adult surgery in smaller bodies”—it requires deep expertise in the unique anatomy, physiology, and emotional needs of young patients. Our pediatric surgeons are trained to operate with the utmost precision and gentleness, ensuring safe and effective outcomes at every age.

Children heal differently, respond to anesthesia differently, and need tailored surgical approaches. Even common operations such as hernia repair or appendectomy involve different techniques in children compared to adults. That’s why having a qualified pediatric surgeon is essential when a child requires surgical care.

When Does a Child Need a Pediatric Surgeon?

• Congenital Conditions (present at birth)
  Some conditions are identified in the first few days or months of life and require timely surgical correction, such as:

  • Inguinal hernia

  • Undescended testes

  • Pyloric stenosis

  • Intestinal atresia

  • Anorectal malformations

• Acquired Conditions (develop after birth)
  These include issues like appendicitis, injuries, intestinal obstructions, or tumors, which may appear suddenly and require urgent evaluation.

• Elective Procedures
  Conditions that aren’t emergencies but improve a child’s comfort, health, or development, such as:

  • Umbilical hernia

  • Hydrocele

  • Tongue-tie

  • Benign growth removal

Our Approach at Shreenika Speciality Clinic

At Shreenika, surgery is never just a procedure—it’s a partnership with families. We take time to explain each step in clear, compassionate language, ensuring parents are confident in the care their child receives.

Whenever possible, we use minimally invasive techniques like laparoscopy and thoracoscopy, which mean:

• Smaller incisions

• Less post-operative pain

• Faster recovery

• Minimal scarring

With our focused expertise and child-friendly environment, we aim not only to heal but to make every child’s surgical journey as smooth and reassuring as possible.

Remember: When in doubt, a timely consultation can make all the difference. Early diagnosis and treatment often lead to better outcomes and brighter futures.

Common Pediatric Surgical Conditions in India: What Parents Should Know

In India, childhood health needs are diverse—but certain surgical conditions appear again and again in clinics, hospitals, and emergency rooms. At Shreenika Speciality Clinic, we regularly treat these conditions and have seen first-hand how timely diagnosis and surgical care can ensure a complete recovery for most children.

Below are some of the most common pediatric surgical issues Indian parents should be aware of:

1. Inguinal Hernia

A soft swelling in the groin, sometimes extending into the scrotum in boys, and more noticeable when a child cries or strains. It occurs when a small passage in the abdomen doesn’t close properly before birth. While it might seem harmless, it can become dangerous if part of the intestine gets trapped—a condition requiring urgent surgery.

2. Undescended Testis (Cryptorchidism)

In some boys, one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum before birth. If untreated beyond the age of 1 year, it can affect fertility or increase future health risks. This is corrected with a simple, often daycare, surgical procedure.

3. Hydrocele

A painless swelling in the scrotum caused by fluid buildup, most common in newborn boys. While many resolve naturally by age 1, larger or persistent cases may require surgical correction.

4. Pyloric Stenosis

Seen in young infants, this condition causes severe, projectile vomiting due to a blockage at the stomach’s outlet. It’s a surgical emergency but can be fully corrected with a procedure called pyloromyotomy.

5. Appendicitis

One of the leading causes of emergency surgery in older children, appendicitis presents with abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, and loss of appetite. If untreated, it can lead to serious infection. Laparoscopic appendectomy ensures faster recovery and minimal scarring.

6. Complex Congenital Conditions

Newborns may present with more serious conditions like anorectal malformations, tracheoesophageal fistula, or intestinal atresia. These require early surgical intervention—often within hours or days of birth—at specialized centers.

7. Tongue-Tie (Ankyloglossia) & Preauricular Sinuses

While seemingly minor, these can affect speech, feeding, or cause recurring infections. Simple procedures can resolve them permanently.

Why Early Consultation Matters
In many cases, delays in diagnosis—especially in rural areas—can lead to complications. Parents should seek a pediatric surgical opinion if they notice unusual swelling, feeding difficulties, pain, or developmental concerns in their child.

At Shreenika Speciality Clinic, our pediatric surgical care is tailored specifically for growing bodies. Using safe anesthesia, modern techniques, and a compassionate approach, we ensure minimal discomfort, quicker recovery, and long-term well-being.

Our goal is simple: to give every child the best chance at a healthy, confident future.

Preparing Your Child for Surgery: A Parent’s Guide

At Shreenika Speciality Clinic, we understand that hearing your child needs surgery can be one of the most stressful moments in a parent’s life. Whether it’s a routine procedure or a complex operation, it’s natural to feel anxious, uncertain, and protective. Over the years, we’ve seen that children recover best when their parents are well-informed, calm, and involved in the process.

Pediatric surgery isn’t just about the operation—it’s about the entire journey of healing, and your role as a parent is central to that journey.

1. Talking to Your Child

How you explain surgery to your child depends on their age.

• Toddlers and younger children: Keep it simple—“The doctor will help fix your tummy while you’re asleep.”

• Older children: Be honest but reassuring—explain that the surgery is to make them feel better, and that you’ll be with them throughout.
  Avoid words like “cut” or “pain” and use softer phrases like “fix,” “help,” or “rest.”

2. Staying Calm Yourself

Children sense their parents’ emotions. If you appear anxious, they will too. Take time to ask all your questions to the medical team beforehand, and once reassured, project confidence in front of your child. Trust in the process and in the team caring for them.

3. Preparing for Surgery Day

Your doctor will give you specific instructions—most importantly about fasting (when your child should stop eating or drinking before surgery). This is crucial for safe anesthesia.

Pack a small hospital bag with:

• Comfortable clothes

• A favorite toy, book, or blanket

• Medical reports and ID proof

• Details of any allergies or medications

4. What Happens on the Day

Upon arrival, our team will guide you through the process. If anesthesia is required, an anesthetist will explain the procedure. Most children are gently put to sleep using a mask and are asleep within seconds. In some cases, you may stay with your child during induction and will be reunited soon after surgery.

5. After the Surgery

Your child will first be monitored in a recovery area. It’s normal for them to be drowsy or irritable when waking up—your reassuring presence is the best comfort.

At home, follow the surgeon’s advice on:

• Wound care

• Diet and hydration

• Medications

• When to return for follow-up

Seek immediate medical attention if your child develops:

• High fever

• Persistent vomiting

• Significant swelling or redness at the surgical site

• Pain that does not improve with prescribed medications

6. Remember

You are never alone in this journey. At Shreenika Speciality Clinic, we encourage parents to call us anytime after discharge if they have concerns. There’s no such thing as a “small” question when it comes to your child’s recovery.

Our belief is simple: The healing process begins with trust, preparation, and emotional comfort. When parents feel confident and children feel safe, surgery becomes less frightening, and recovery becomes faster and smoother.